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Royal Navy Commandos in World War II

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In 1942 a group of commandos gathered for a class in Inveraray, a small village in the Highlands of Scotland. Their instructor was a former assistant commissioner of the Shanghai Police named William Fairbairn, and he surprised the commandos by giving each in turn a loaded revolver. They were even more surprised when Fairbairn selected Albert Cattell and told him to stick the gun in his back. The instructor then said, ‘Now, when I move you pull the trigger!’ Cattell was convinced that Fairbairn would be shot and was amazed to find himself shooting wide. ‘As soon as he moved, I pulled the trigger,’ Cattell remarked. ‘My arm was over there, bang! We couldn’t fathom out how he did it, he did it with all of us. The trick was, before your brain could get the signal to your trigger finger, he’d turn round. If you were right-handed he’d turn to the left, so as he came round his left arm knocked that away, his right hand at your throat or your eyes.’Fairbairn had taught the commandos a valuable lesson. ‘What I’m trying to demonstrate is you never push a gun into the enemy’s back; you never get that close,’ he told them. Such unorthodox training was new for British forces in World War II, but the commandos themselves were a brand-new type of highly trained special forces that had been formed under Combined Operations Command to raid and to fight in enemy territory.

Since WWII, commandos have become legendary in military history, and their famous green beret is now an internationally recognized symbol of an elite fighting force. During the war each branch of Britain’s armed forces had its own commando force.

Thousands of pages have been written about the exploits of the British army and Royal Marine commandos who carried out recklessly daring raids at such places as St. Nazaire (see World War II, March 2003), Vaagso and Normandy. Lost in all the accolades, however, has been the role played by the Royal Navy Commandos, Britain’s forgotten special forces.

The Royal Navy Commandos had one of the most important and dangerous tasks of the war: They were the first onto invasion beaches and the last to leave. The navy commandos had their beginnings after the disastrous campaign in France and the ‘Miracle of Dunkirk’ in June 1940, when small groups of Royal Navy officers and ratings (enlisted men) were organized to man an assorted collection of vessels that would be used to carry out the first commando raids from England across the Channel into occupied France. These groups later became designated as Royal Navy Beach Parties, and in 1942 they led the landings at Madagascar and Dieppe, where they suffered terrible casualties.

Assigned to Combined Operations Command following the Dieppe mission, the beach parties were officially formed into Royal Navy Beach Commandos. Later they became known simply as Royal Navy Commandos. Apart from spearheading the landings on invasion beaches, the commandos had the task of establishing communications (their signalers were organized into separate Royal Navy Beach Signals sections) and controlling the landing craft of an invasion force.

The Royal Navy Commandos had their base, called HMS Armadillo, at a forestry camp near the small Highland village of Ardentinny. It was at Armadillo, and the famous commando training center at Achnacarry, that the sailors were turned into commandos. And it was at Armadillo that they were issued their Fairborn Sykes Commando knives–the hallmark of all British commandos.

Unlike their army and marine colleagues, Royal Navy Commando units were denoted by letters, from A Commando through the all-Canadian W Commando. Each such unit consisted of 10 officers and 60 ratings and was commanded by a principal beachmaster with the rank of lieutenant commander. Junior officers were beachmasters and assistant beachmasters. Much like the captain of a ship, during a landing a beachmaster had the final word on operations and outranked any officer who crossed his beach.

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  1. 3 Comments to “Royal Navy Commandos in World War II”

  2. As my grandfather was a british Royal Marine Commando, and as I have also read the book called “Castle commando” a book of only 8 copies ever published by Oliver and Boyd.
    The book based on a one of the original commnado trainers Donald Gilchrist at Achancarry training camp “the orignal place where the commando’s were formed” near Speanbridge. NOT Inveraray!!!

    I feel that all this information is nothing but a load of crapp! let me go in more detail and by all means google all this information yourself.

    Commando’s were formed in Inverness-shire highland’s of Scotland, started in 1942 to 1945 was the ORIGINAL training camp formed to train the commando’s for world war 2. The actual property im referring to or the estate of land used for the training grounds was a place called Achnacarry owned by the Clan Cameron, a well known Scottish clann that is stillv ery much around to this day!

    The person they put in charge of the training camp at achancarry was Non-other then a man called Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Edward Vaughan. A well respected man, and was army through and through, prior to this assignment he was a Seargent major in the gaurds etc…

    Without goin into great detail my grandfather was in the 45 commando unit that took part in many Historical battles such as, D-DAY, Normandy, Battle of Wlachren in holland etc..

    These men were harshly trained great soldiers, and belive it or not, were the elite soldier that really had a significant impact on how the war turned out. Although British royal marine command’s are still around today with the massive differnences in there training bach at the Commando Depot, at Achnacarry training camp, alls they got was 12 weeks of grueling, hard core fittness, elite soldier training, and yes believe it or not a fare few did not make it through the training, as in did not survive it!

    The commando’s that are trained today are still the crown’s most Elite soldier the british have they are certainly not trained in the same harsh and unbareable condition’s today as they were back then.

    BUT however theyer training today make no joke of it is still nothing less then Un-imaginable hardcore training, but you just can’t compare the different Commano’s we have today to what they were back then. And i have watched all the training video’s that the british royal marin commando training official website hosts for all to see and can get a Idea of exactly what to expect if anyone chose this path.

    All in all I dont like what I see above me on how they were formed and by whom was in charge and instrcutor’s name cause it’s all a load of crapp, that need’s fixing.

    These soldier’s will never be forgotten

    United we Conquer!!! <- there orignal slogan )

    By peter gallacher on Jul 31, 2008 at 1:49 pm

  3. With reference to the comments above, without any disrespect to the author or his grandfather I would like to make the following comments.

    David Lee’s article is about the Royal Navy Commandos, who were first called Royal Navy Beach Parties and then Royal Navy Beach Commandos before the “Beach” was dropped so to speak. So when he says “Commandos” he means RN Commandos and is not referring to the Army Commandos or those of HM Royal Marines. This may be the source of some confusion.
    Also in Castle Commando by Donald Gilchrist which has been reprinted twice, Chapter two, paragraph nine reads
    “You will meet ex-Commandos who will stoutly deny ever having seen Achnacarry. Prior to 1942, the system was more or less to put the cart before the horse. Volunteers were formed into their Commando groups and then given their training. This process worked well enough at the time, and in most cases, produced an excellent type of fighting man.” Donald Gilchrist is talking about the army commandos that existed before the Commando Training Centre at Achnacarry, whose training though hard was ad hoc and carried out at a number of different locations. These men would not of gone to CTC at all as the formalised training there was primarily for new commando entrants.
    Going back to the Royal Navy Beach Parties some of these were thrown together from ‘volunteers’ and evolved with the job like the Army Commandos. Formalised training for beach parties started at Inverary and moved to HMS Armadillo at Ardentiny. By 1942 the Royal Navy Commandos having completed their “Beach Party” training at HMS Armadillo would then go and do their Commando Training at Achnacarry, this was the case for my grandfather’s unit NAN Commando.
    As a former Royal Marine who served in Northern Ireland, Kurdistan, Bosnia and went on six winter deployments to Norway between 1986 and 1995, I would like to make the following comments on comparisons in training.
    1) Back to “Castle Commando”, Donald Gilchrist writes in chapter 7 paragraph two, “Originally designed for a period of five weeks, the course had now been telescoped into four. It was, consequently tougher than ever”. The men who went to CTC Achnacarry had already completed their basic training and in most cases would have done some advanced training and or had operational experience. The Royal Marines recruits who go to CTC Lympstone start as raw civilians and do 32 weeks and come out Royal Marine Commandos, personal administration and personal skills, advanced infantry training, commando tests and King’s Squad are all rolled into one. These men can then join an operational Commando Unit. We are not comparing apples with apples.
    2) The men who passed through CTC Achnacarry certainly had much more spartan facilities than those that exist at CTCRM Lympstone but you can’t say that the Royal Marines of today are lesser commandos because they have better barracks, when I did my training the toughest bit was the Final Ex which started with a mock cliff assault with weapons and finished after twelve days of living in a tactical environment, with mock assaults and forced marches, I have never been so exhausted in my entire life as when that ended, this one exercise was half the length of the entire commando course during the war!
    3) There is also what is known as “The All Arms Commando Course” which is for trained personnel from the Army, Royal Navy and RAF serving with 3 Commando Brigade, 29 CDO RA, 59 CDO RE and the Royal Marines Logistics Regiment. this course I believe is about 10 to 12 weeks in duration.
    4) At least one recruit died whilst I was at Lympstone and another had to be resuscitated after a troop attack in full NBC gear and respirators, training was tough even when I was in and with the recent fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan I am sure it has not got any easier!

    By Griffin Turton on Sep 27, 2008 at 9:26 am

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