![](https://www.historynet.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Torch-2000_577.jpg)
A Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat launches from the USS Ranger (CV-4) to attack targets during “Operation Torch,” the invasion of North Africa. (National Archives)
A Grumman F4F-4 Wildcat launches from the USS Ranger (CV-4) to attack targets during “Operation Torch,” the invasion of North Africa. (National Archives)