Contraband tent camp occupied by escaped slaves in Harper’s Ferry West Virginia, 1862. At left, a tent has a brick fireplace. This was one of about a 1,000 contraband camps established in Union garrison towns during the Civil War. Photograph by John P. S

When Confederates entered Harpers Ferry, they found this “contraband camp” on Washington Street, one of several established by escaped slaves seeking protection within United States lines. (Library of Congress)