| |

World War II: German Raid on BariWorld War II | Single Page | 5 comments | Print This Post | Email This Post
For the next five nerve-racking days, John Harvey rode peacefully at anchor at Pier 29 while Captain Knowles tried vainly to get British port officials to speed things up. This was difficult, because he was gagged by the secrecy that surrounded the gas shipment. How could he get officials to act when he was not even supposed to know that he was carrying the mustard gas in the first place? Subscribe Today
While Knowles fretted, German reconnaissance pilot Hahn had returned to base. His positive report about conditions at Bari set in motion a raid that had been discussed and planned some time before. The Bari attack was the product of a planning session between Luftwaffe Field Marshal Albert Kesselring and his subordinates. The Allied airfields at Foggia were discussed as possible targets, but Luftwaffe resources were stretched too thin to permit the effective bombing of such a large complex of targets.
It was Field Marshal Wolfram von Richthofen, commander of Luftflotte 2, who suggested Bari as an alternative. A cousin of famed World War I ace Manfred von Richthofen, the field marshal was an experienced officer who had served in Poland and the Soviet Union as well as in the Battle of Britain. His advice, Kesselring knew, was sound. Richthofen believed that if the port was crippled, the British Eighth Army's advance might be slowed and the nascent Fifteenth Air Force's bomber offensive delayed. Richthofen told Kesselring that the only planes available for such a task were his Junkers Ju-88 A-4 bombers. With luck, he might scrape together 150 such planes for the raid.
When the strike force was mustered, there were only 105 Ju-88s available for the mission. But the element of surprise, coupled with an attack at dusk, might shift the odds in the Germans' favor. Most of the planes would come from Italy, but Richthofen purposely wanted to obfuscate matters by using a few Ju-88s from Yugoslavia. If the Allies thought the entire mission originated from there, they just might misdirect retaliatory strikes to the Balkans.
The Ju-88 pilots were ordered to fly their twin-engine bombers east to the Adriatic, then swing south and west. British anti-aircraft would probably expect an attack–if any–to come from the north, not from the west. The Ju-88s were also supplied with Duppel, thin strips of tinfoil cut to various lengths. The tinfoil registered like aircraft on radar screens, producing scores of phantom targets.
The aim of the German pilots was to arrive over Bari around 7:30 p.m. Parachute flares would be released first to light the way for the attacking aircraft, and the Ju-88s would come in low, trying to get under Allied radar that was already confused by the Duppel.
The Germans arrived at Bari on schedule. First Lieutenant Gustav Teuber, leading the first wave, could hardly believe his eyes. The docks were brilliantly lit; cranes stood out in sharp relief as they unloaded cargo from the ships' gaping holds, and the east jetty was packed with ships.
Scores of Ju-88s descended on Bari like gigantic birds of prey, their attack illuminated by the city's lights and German flares. The first bombs hit the city proper, great geysers of smoke and flame marking each detonation, but soon it was the harbor's turn. Some 30 vessels were riding at anchor that night, and each ship's crew had to respond to the emergency as best they could. Surprise was total, and some ships had to function without a full complement, since many sailors were on shore leave.
The German flares gave sailors the first inkling of the impending attack. Aboard John Bascom, the second officer, William Rudolf, saw the flashes and alerted Captain Heitmann. John Bascom's gun crew sprang into action, joining the barrage that shore batteries were now hurling into the sky. Tracer bullets laced the air, but the anti-aircraft fire was largely ineffective. Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6Tags: 20th - 21st Century, Airborne Operations, Historical Conflicts, World War II
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
||
What is HistoryNet?The HistoryNet.com is brought to you by the Weider History Group, the world's largest publisher of history magazines. HistoryNet.com contains daily features, photo galleries and over 5,000 articles originally published in our various magazines. If you are interested in a specific history subject, try searching our archives, you are bound to find something to pique your interest. |
From Our Magazines
|
Weider History Group |
Weider History Network: HistoryNet | Armchair General | Great History | Achtung Panzer! Copyright © 2010 Weider History Group. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without permission is prohibited. |
||
5 Comments to “World War II: German Raid on Bari”
BOMBARDAMENTO TEDESCO SU BARI 2 DICEMBRE 1943
Il pomeriggio del 2 Dicembre, un aereo da ricognizione della Luftwaffe, sorvola il cielo di Bari. Il suo compito è quello di fotografare il più possibile: area urbana, porto e aeroporto. All’esperto pilota tedesco, non sfugge il molo di “Levante” pieno di navi all’ancora. L’Autorità portuale è gestita dal Comando Inglese, che ritiene assurdo un attacco della Luftwaffe. Cadono in un Titanico e drammatico errore di valutazione. Infatti alle ore 19:25 provenienti dai Balcani 105 bombardieri sono sulla città.
Cominciano a piovere, le famose annunciatrici della morte alata, (milioni di striscioline in stagnola, utili a confondere i sistemi radar ). I fari contraerei del porto, sono già in funzione, subito imitati da quelli dell’aeroporto. La città è quasi incantata, la scenografia è d’autore: il buio della sera è squarciato da una serie di fasci luminosi, che a contatto delle striscioline di stagnola, creano giochi di variopinti colori. Come sottofondo, il cupo rombo dei bombardieri tedeschi, che sganciano le prime bombe sull’area urbana, ma l’obbiettivo sono le 36 navi ancorate. La contraerea è presente e penetra il cielo con i suoi 37mm traccianti. Questi proiettili, sviluppano (Grazie ad una carica di Magnesio inserita in un artifizio sistemato nel codolo della granata) un lungo e colorato percorso. Il cielo è intrinseco di ogni colore. Sul porto precipitano le prime bombe, alcune centrano le navi, altre cadono in mare.
Sulle navi colpite cominciano a svilupparsi numerosi incendi che producono enormi colonne di fumo. Ma a sostegno della popolazione interviene un imprevisto e determinante alleato. Il vento, all’improvviso cambia direzione e, spinge verso mare, ma non basta, i rioni adiacenti al porto, sono già invasi dai fumi. Ora il bombardamento diventa intenso, i boati delle esplosioni si susseguono a una velocità inverosimile. Alcune navi bersaglio sono già inclinate su di un fianco. Il Mare a causa della nafta e di altri combustibili è in fiamme e, questo provoca una visione quasi dantesca. In acqua ci sono le zattere dei numerosi equipaggi che dribblano la morte e cercano la vita. Il vento Aumenta d’intensità e, costringe i vapori ad allontanarsi dal centro abitato.
Nelle acque del porto numerosi marinai sono inghiottiti da vortici infuocati. Alcune navi cariche di ordigni esplodono insieme all’equipaggio. Aumentando di fatto, la drammaticità del momento. I fari sono ancora in funzione, la contraerea balbetta le sue granate antivelivolo e, continua a colorare a suo modo il cielo di Bari. Ma le bombe continuano a piovere e con esse la morte di tanti militari e civili. La città vive momenti di un puro sgomento, I baresi capiscono ciò che sta accadendo, ma hanno terrore di quello che sarà. Sono le 19:50, le bombe, precipitano ancora. Una nave esplode, nelle sue stive sono stipate 2000 bombe all’Azoiprite. Molte di queste sono proiettate in alto e, causa l’enorme temperatura, scoppiano lasciando scivolare il potente aggressivo chimico, nelle acque del porto. Nel frattempo, le bombe non scoppiate si sparpagliano nei fondali del porto e, sono tante. L’Azoiprite ormai è mischiata alla nafta incendiata e, il fumo che produce diventa un potentissimo veleno. Bari e, la sua popolazione ringraziano il vento che ha risparmiato alla città una storia più agghiacciante. Le vittime accertate fra militari e civili sono più di 2000. I feriti militari sono soccorsi al Policlinico, gestito dal Comando Neozelandese e, vengono curati in modo superficiale. Anche perché i medici ignorano del tutto il problema Yprite. Tanto che a numerosi marinai è diagnosticata “congiuntivite”. Per i civili non c’è spazio neanche per questi errori e, li lasciano al loro nero destino.
Giovanni Lafirenze
By Giovanni Lafirenze on Jul 16, 2008 at 2:58 am
Where exactly was the 15th Air Force headquaters in Bari, what was the name of the base and is it still there, and under what title?
By Nina on Aug 23, 2008 at 2:00 am
La quindicesima Forza aerea di base a Bari era così collocata:
5° Stormo a Foggia
47° Stormo Manduria (TA)
49° Stormo Lecce
55° Stormo Spinazzola (BA)
304 Stormo Cerignola
306 Stormo Lesina (FG)
per maggiori informazioni
http://www.biografiadiunabomba.it
By Giovanni Lafirenze on Sep 17, 2008 at 1:57 pm
Dear Sirs,
I was a crew member of HMS Zetland – one of the two destroyers berthed on the mole adjacent to the line of merchant ships. Shortly after the raid had ended and in the wake of a mighty explosion, I was knocked unconscious. Afterwards, I was on rescue and salvage work throughout the night until dawn in a small boat.
With four other HMS Zetland crewmen I boarded the US Liberty Ship SS Lyman Abbott to assist the crew in fire fighting but we found the vessel abandoned.
Thereafter, with another navy man, I boarded four more abandoned and drifting merchant ships and carried out firefighting operations until dawn.
A full account by myself and a number of survivors – US, British and Italian eyewitnesses, is contained with maps and illustrations in my book 'Poisonous Inferno,' published by Airlife Publishing in 2002, which, to the best of my knowledge, is the only published book written by someone who was there from the beginning to the end of the tragedy
Regards,
George Southern B.E.M (Mil.)
Scarborough
North Yorkshire
YO12 7HF
UK
g.southern2006@tiscali.co.uk
.
By George Southern on Dec 27, 2009 at 10:26 am
Hi everyone,
This autumn saw the first publication in Danish of the author Henrik Krüger's book: "Sømænd i helvede", ISBN 978-87-92573-01-8,
("Seamen in Hell") about the Bari disaster on 2nd December 1943.
The book tells the story of "the second Pearl Harbour" and focuses on the merchant navy, its important role, and the crew of merchant navy ship Lars Kruse of Denmark in particular and its deadly cargo of petrol.
The book also tells in detail the story of my paternal uncle, Knud Henning Nielsen, who was a Lars Kruse crew member at the age of 19. Knud Henning died tragically on 21st December 1943 in hospital from the effects of the poisonous inferno at Bari on 2nd December 1943 and he was later interred at the Carbonata Memorial Cementary, south of Bari. My auntie Joan in Newcastle and my grandparents in Denmark received condolence letters from King George VI to say only that Knud Henning had died in an enemy attack. However, auntie Joan befriended a nurse in the 98th British General Hospital at Bari and so knew what had happened to her beloved husband, whom she grieved for many years. They had married in Newcastle in the summer of 1943 at age 19.
My late grandmother, who grieved her first-born son until her last years, never knew what really had happened to him. Nor my late father and his younger surviving sister Birthe, now an elderly lady, who only learnt the gruesome truth about Knud Henning this Christmas.
Also, in the last chapter of his scolarly book the author Henrik Krüger gives the reader a scary account of the thousands of poisonous war-time bombs "deposited" by the US Navy, the Soviet Navy and the British Navy into the Baltic Sea during the late 1940s!!! So the nightmare continues….
Kind regards to everyone,
Roger
rogerincopenhagen@yahoo.com
P.s. Please drop me line, particularly if you have personal accounts of my late uncle Knud Hennng Nielsen
——————————————–
This is a google machine translation from English into the Italian:
Ciao a tutti,
Questo autunno ha visto la prima pubblicazione in lingua danese del libro l'autore Henrik Krüger: "Sømænd i helvede", ISBN 978-87-92573-01-8,
( "Marinai in Hell") circa il disastro di Bari il 2 dicembre 1943.
Il libro racconta la storia di "seconda Pearl Harbour" e si concentra sulla marina mercantile, il suo ruolo importante, e l'equipaggio della nave della marina mercantile Lars Kruse della Danimarca, in particolare, e il suo carico mortale di benzina.
Il libro racconta anche in modo dettagliato la storia di mio zio paterno, Knud Henning Nielsen, che era un membro dell'equipaggio di Lars Kruse all'età di 19 anni. Knud Henning morì tragicamente il 21 dicembre 1943 in ospedale per gli effetti dell 'Inferno velenosi a Bari il 2 dicembre 1943 e fu poi sepolto a Carbonata Memorial Cemetery, a sud di Bari. Mia zia Giovanna a Newcastle ei miei nonni in Danimarca, ha ricevuto lettere di condoglianze da King George VI a dire solo che Knud Henning era morto in un attacco nemico. Tuttavia, zia Giovanna amicizia con un'infermiera del 98 British General Hospital a Bari e così sapeva cosa era successo al suo amato marito, che lei addolorato per molti anni. Si erano sposati a Newcastle, nell'estate del 1943 all'età di 19 anni.
Mia nonna, che ha afflitto il suo figlio primogenito, fino alla sua ultimi anni, non sapeva che cosa realmente era accaduto a lui. Né il mio defunto padre e sua sorella più giovane superstite Birthe, ormai un'anziana signora, che ha imparato solo la verità raccapricciante su Knud Henning questo Natale.
Inoltre, nell'ultimo capitolo del suo libro l'autore scolarly Henrik Krüger offre al lettore un resoconto inquietante delle migliaia di guerra velenosi-bombe a tempo "depositati" dalla US Navy, la marina sovietica e la Marina britannica nel Mar Baltico nel corso della fine 1940! Così l'incubo continua ….
Saluti a tutti,
Roger
rogerincopenhagen@yahoo.com
P.S. Please drop me linea, in particolare se si hanno conti personali del mio defunto zio Knud Hennng Nielsen
By Roger Nielsen on Jan 2, 2010 at 11:43 pm