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The Worst Battlefield Blunders: Five Battles That Ended Badly

By Stephan Wilkinson | Military History  | 13 comments  | Print This Post  | Email This Post

Why Custer thought he could go hey-diddle-diddle-right-up-the-middle into a swarm of angry Indians remains inexplicable. The Plains Indians were among the finest cavalrymen the world had ever seen, and when the repeating rifle came into their hands, they weaponized that Spanish import the horse. In less than 200 years, they had assimilated two warrior technologies with unprecedented success.

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For Custer’s men—many of them immigrants, others inexperienced conscripts—pitting their ponderous warhorses against the Sioux was about like a bunch of pickup-driving carpenters challenging a thousand Italian and Brazilian Formula 1 aspirants to a drag race. Some 7th Cavalry horses bolted, balked, even took their luckless riders straight into the Indian encampment.

The war against the Plains Indians, which stretched from the 1820s until the final clash at Wounded Knee in 1890, was not a simple territorial dispute. The Indians had little concept of land ownership. To them, it seemed as silly as owning the air: There was plenty of it, available for anyone’s use.

Plains tribes were nomadic. Most of their needs were met by vast herds of American bison—a mobile, self-perpetuating crop that provided food, clothing and the raw materials for their tools and tepees. When settlers flooded west, the railroads followed, as did buffalo hunters to supply the work crews. Soon the bison were all but gone, and the Indians fought furiously to preserve their way of life.

So furiously the 7th Cavalry never stood a chance. Notes from the battlefield suggest even Custer was stunned when he first saw the encampment of some 7,000 Indians (including women, children and nonwarrior males), yet he attacked at once with tired troops and horses that had just completed a grueling 30-mile march. He maneuvered to block the Indians’ escape—picture an angry drunk locking a barroom door to “trap” two dozen Hells Angels wielding broken pool cues. The cavalry held the high ground, and Custer wouldn’t have expected the Indians to attack uphill. But they did.

Prior to the battle, Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry had advised Custer to await the arrival of two columns (one under Terry himself) before engaging the enemy. These reinforcements were approaching at the time of the attack. So why did Custer disregard Terry’s warning? Some historians suggest Custer had lost the element of surprise and was compelled to attack. Author Mari Sandoz suggested it was because he wanted to be president; the Democratic National Convention was to begin in St. Louis in two days, and news of a victory would certainly boost one’s presidential ambitions. Dozens of other theories abound.

The truth died with Custer and his troopers in the grass along the Little Bighorn.

For further reading, Stephan Wilkinson recommends: How to Lose a Battle: Foolish Plans and Great Military Blunders, edited by Bill Fawcett.


This article was written by Stephan Wilkinson and originally published in the September 2007 issue of Military History Magazine. For more great articles, subscribe to Military History magazine today!

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  1. 13 Comments to “The Worst Battlefield Blunders: Five Battles That Ended Badly”

  2. The Little Bighorn section of this article is simply riddled with idiotic statements & completely shows the author has no idea whatsoever about what he is actually writing about. Perhaps, he should at least study the campaign & battle itself prior to simply writing what he has heard about the battle. His total ignorance to what took place in Montana simply discredits his abilities as a “writer” as well as historynet.com for posting this ridiculously uninformed article! It seems his only study of the battle came from watching Little Big Man! PLEASE!

    By Jeff on Jun 22, 2008 at 12:21 am

  3. Custer was an idiot and a p***y. It doesn’t warrant any closer study than that.

    By JRS on Jul 10, 2008 at 11:59 am

  4. Lets not forget Naumo not launching the third strike wave at Pearl Harbor. He would have destroyed the fuel farm, starving the Pacific fleet for fuel, and possibly gotten the returning carriers. There would have thus been no Battles of the Coral Sea, or Midway. But the greatest blunder of all would be politicians overruling GENERALS TACTICAL DECISIONS FOR POLITICAL GAIN. For example, the President of France ordering Verdun to be held at all costs, over the GENERALS DESIRE TO PULL BACK AND SHORTEN THEIR LINES. Result 500,000 unneccesary French dead.

    By Stanley Peek on Jul 26, 2008 at 5:25 pm

  5. To JRS: perhaps you should research George Custer and his service during the Civil War. Specifically at Gettysburg and his actions against JEB Stuart’s attack that most likely won the battle for the Union. You can start your research with Lost Triumph written by Tom Carhart.”idiot and a P***y” thats strong words from someone who prob. couldent even water Custers horse.

    By joe on Aug 9, 2008 at 12:14 pm

  6. The comment that the British soldiers in WWI were “lions led by donkeys” was never said by any German general or one of any other nation. In recent years Cornelli Barnett (one of the masterminds behind the BBC’s wonderful history of WWI) has admitted that he made up the quote, which reflected his own views.

    By James D Graham on Sep 3, 2008 at 6:52 am

  7. Naming Custer’s defeat as a worst battlefield blunder is lame. He only lost 262 men! It wasn’t even the worst defeat to native forces in that decade. Chelmsford didn’t do as well in the Zulu war losing 1,200 in a single action two and a half years later.
    Custer’s defeat is also paled by St. Claire’s losing one half of the U.S.Army 800 men in Nov 1792 to Miami Indians.

    By Barney Cooney on Sep 7, 2008 at 11:34 am

  8. the battle of the little big horn was basicly a draw. Custer blundered badly, but Benteen fought well and managed to save the day.
    I do agree with James Graham and suggest that if you want to read about exciting Indian warfare checkout the woodland Indians.

    By hew byrd on Sep 18, 2008 at 4:34 pm

  9. It’s a pity that The battle for Malaya (8th December 1941 – 10th
    February 1042) was not included in this research of worst
    battlefield blunders.

    One would see how the British Lt.General Percival was defeated
    by Lt. Gen Yamashita (The Tiger of Malaya) with a combat force
    one third that of Percival’s.

    Yamashita out thought and out maneuvred the GOC of the
    Commonwealth forces in February 1942 into surrender despite
    Percival having more ammo and provisions than Yamashita’s
    forces.

    By Derek on Oct 29, 2008 at 4:17 am

  10. There was no Civil War general who is more misrepresented than Ambrose Burnside. The attack at Marye’s Heights was planned as a diversion. The real attack was to be several miles away at the portion of the defense line held by Stonewall Jackson. General Meade then a division commander, pierced Jackson’s line as planned. The plan then called for Edwin Sumner’s Corp to expand the breach and force the confederates to retreat, inflict as many casaulties,etc . However, Sumner a McClellan groupie, said his orders weren’t “Clear”. So instead of expanding the breach, he did nothing. Meade could not hold the area where the line was breached with a single division. He was forced to retreat. It is true , Burnside did not possess the required “coolness” when things went wrong. He foolishly , after his good plan which would have won the battle was sabotaged, tried to win by repeatedly attacking Marye’s Heights. So McClellan’s sycophants helped the rebels win another battle as occurred at Second Manasses. Another factor overlooked by those who love to kick a man when he’s down was the fact that Burnside, had stolen a march on Lee and easily would have taken Fredericksburg, but for the minor detai of having to wait ELEVEN DAYS for pontoons to cross the Rappahanock. Of Course, by then, Lee’s army was totally concentrated on the other side of the river.

    By Joe Hamilton on Nov 20, 2008 at 6:50 pm

  11. I agree somewhat…. Custer may have had better performances before little big horn…but before you attack an opposing force of 2000 with 250 you run like hell the other way. his scouts had to inform him of the size of the American Indian camp… stupid move… cost him his life… every last man killed including him shows you how dumb the decision was…runaway!

    By Histogramics on Nov 22, 2008 at 12:34 am

  12. Speaking as a Native-American I am only sorry that there was not more “Indian Unity” and cooperation, like at the little big horn, because Custer was NOT the only foolish arrogant white butcher in the U S Army/Cavalry at that time. We were probably more responsible for losing the west as they were for winning it. I firmly believe that almost any of Custer contemporaries on the field at that time would have been seduced into making the same fatal he did. Custer by no means held a monopoly on race based arrogance. And after all, how far could the U S Army gotten without their “Indian Scouts” help? And we saw how they were rewarded for their service to the U S. Talk about just deserts, and a bunch of idiots . . . .

    By John on Jan 27, 2009 at 12:54 am

  13. Let everyone in this site know, a critic is a critic! A military blunder for one side is a victory for the other. After serving in the US Army for 19 years and 3 combat tours in Iraq, it is easy to say who is a moronic leader and who is not. especially when some have not experienced war firsthand. Military history is there for us today to learn from past mistakes and not make them again. But, born leaders are not taught in war college or bred from 4 year colleges. Sadaam Hussein could be considered “the worst military leader”, but at the time he had the second largest army in the world and top of the line equipment from Russia. No one really knew what the outcome of Desert Storm would be: But it pitted technology against numbers, and technology won! Now, in fighting insurgents that blend in with the civilians, us as soldiers has no idea who the enemy is. We are not fighting uniforms. The problem with war nowadays, is not the leader, soldier or units that fight wars, it is our politicians and public opinion. “We have to be nice and civilized, we cannot tortue, even though it may save a soldier, who could be our husband, wife, daughter or son. To win a war, it takes whatever means necessary to win! Period! Vietnam was lost due to politicians and public opinion, we took ground and gave it back to the Viet Cong, today we are doing the same thing! We take a village, a town, a city and then give it right back to the insurgents. Us as soldiers goes back to our FOB, Foward Operating Base and start the process all over again. I feel the biggest blunder of all wars to end all wars, is our moronic politicians who make the decisions in the first place! As a professional soldier, who is my commander in chief? A civilian, (president of the united states) Who has no clue what it is like to get shot at, get blown up, or hold his best friend in his arms while they are dying! Blunders happen due to stupid decisions, arrogance and underestimating an enemy. No one can take away the bravery of the soldiers of all of history, it takes pure guts and being half way scared out of your mind to fight against someone who is trying to kill you. When a critic of military history can say which is a blunder or not, first experience war first hand and then, only then, can you comment on which is a blunder or not. Until, you have experienced death, smelled it, tasted it, have nightmares about it, then you can be an expert of military history. Politicans get us in wars throughout time, but once in, they dont have the heart of stomach to continue to victory, we have to back out and be nice and rebuild the country that started the war in the first place. Why? What about president Bush pulling out of Desert Storm after 100 hours? Their was nothing left of Sadaam’s Army, they were retreating and surrendering by the thousands, I was there! Due to politicians ignorance and it is running rampant today, over 4,000 soldiers have given the utmost sacrifice today in Iraq. If the politicans had the balls to finish the task the first place, those 4,000 would not of died for nothing! My point in this whole thing, Politicians is the biggest blunder of all military history/wars. Look at every war, within the US History, who started all our wars????? Politicians! I for one, want to run for politics, but I would be the one, that would take another politician outside and Beat the living hell out of them! Start kicking their ass once in awhile, and they might for a change start making the right decisions for our country for a change, and that is not just pertaining to military decisions. I live in Mississippi and have trained soldiers, sailors, airmen. ,marines combat operations for Iraq/Afghanistan for three years, I have also for 5 years been with a special operations unit doing worldwide missions. Start making our politicians accountable for their stupidity and future blunders of our millitary won’t happen as much. I am sorry for ranting, I would love to put a politican beside me with a m-4 in their hand and try to fight along side of me to take a room, building or whatever, they would cower in their hole.

    By Russ L. Lightfoot on May 5, 2009 at 2:10 am

  14. To quote Mr Russ L. Lightfoot – “,,,,,I would love to put a politican beside me with a m-4 in their hand and try to fight along side of me to take a room, building or whatever, they would cower in their hole…” I think any one of the following guys would love to join you – they all served their Country with distinction:

    Abraham Lincoln
    Andrew Jackson
    Barack Obama
    Bill Clinton
    Dwight D Eisenhower
    Franklin D Roosevelt
    George H W Bush
    George W Bush
    George Washington
    Gerald Ford
    Grover Cleveland
    Harry Truman
    James Monroe
    Jimmy Carter
    John Adams
    John F Kennedy
    John Quincy Adams
    Martin Van Buren
    Richard Nixon
    Ronald Reagan
    Theodore Roosevelt
    Thomas Jefferson
    William H Taft
    Woodrow Wilson

    By S. Craig on Oct 27, 2009 at 2:58 pm

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