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The Dahlgren Papers RevisitedAmerica's Civil War | Single Page | 6 comments | Print This Post | Email This Post 1 Duane Schultz, The Dahlgren Affair: Terror and Conspiracy in the Civil War (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998); Stephen W. Sears, 'Raid on Richmond,' MHQ: The Quarterly Journal of Military History 11, no. 1 (Autumn 1998), 88-96; Stephen W. Sears, Controversies & Commanders: Dispatches from the Army of the Potomac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 225-51; James M. McPherson, 'A Failed Richmond Raid and Its Consequences,' Columbiad: A Quarterly Review of the War Between the States 2, no. 4 (Winter 1999), 130, 133. Subscribe Today
2 The Butler raid is detailed in Joseph George, Jr., ' 'Black Flag Warfare': Lincoln and the Raids Against Richmond and Jefferson Davis,' Pennsylvania Magazine of History & Biography 115, no. 3 (July 1991), 291-318.
3 Stephen Z. Starr, The Union Cavalry in the Civil War, vol. 2, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981), 57-8; S. Williams to A. Pleasonton, Feb. 11, 1864, United States War Department, The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (hereinafter referred to as OR), ser. I, vol. 33, (Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), 552.
4 Lincoln to Joseph Hooker, May 8, 1863, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953-55), vol. 6, 202-3
5 Judson Kilpatrick to E.B. Parsons, Feb. 16, 1864, OR, ser. I, vol. 33, 172-3.
6 A.A. Humphreys to Kilpatrick, Feb. 27, 1864, OR, ser. I, vol. 33, 174; George Meade, ed., The Life and Letters of General George Gordon Meade, vol. 2, (New York: Scribner's, 1913), 167-8.
7 Feb. 26, 1864, John A. Dahlgren Papers, Library of Congress.
8 The BMI is definitively examined in Edwin C. Fishel, The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996).
9 Kilpatrick report, March 16, 1864, OR, ser. I, vol. 33, 185.
10 James Pollard statement, Western Reserve Historical Society. Narratives of the Kilpatrick-Dahlgren raid are found in Schultz, The Dahlgren Affair, Sears, Controversies & Commanders, and Virgil Carrington Jones, Eight Hours Before Richmond (New York: Henry Holt, 1957).
11 Edward H. Halbach statement, Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 13 (Richmond: Published by the Society, 1902), 546-51.
12 Contents of the two documents are from the photographic copies of the originals, entry 721, serial 60, RG 94, National Archives; contents of the notebook are from the Richmond Examiner, April 1, 1864; the loose sheets are described in R.L.T. Beale statement, Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 3, 221.
13 J. William Jones, 'The Kilpatrick-Dahlgren Raid Against Richmond,' Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 13, 551.
14 Halbach and Beale statements, Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 13, 549, vol. 3, 221.
15 Fitzhugh Lee statement, Southern Historical Society Papers, vol. 13, 553-4; Judah P. Benjamin to John Slidell, March 22, 1864, James D. Richardson, ed., A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, vol. 2, (Nashville: United States Publishing Co., 1905), 639.
16 Richmond Dispatch, Richmond Whig, Richmond Inquirer, March 5, 1864.
17 Robert E. Lee to James A. Seddon, March 6, 1864, OR, ser. I, vol. 33, 222-3.
18 Benjamin to Slidell, March 28, 1864, Richardson, ed., Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, vol. 2, 641; Jones, Eight Hours Before Richmond, 125-6; James O. Hall, 'The Dahlgren Papers: Fact or Fabrication,' Civil War Times Illustrated (Nov. 1983), 36-7. Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Tags: 19th Century, America's Civil War, American Civil War, Historical Conflicts, Politics
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6 Comments to “The Dahlgren Papers Revisited”
I like your analysis and mannner of speaking, thank you for this interesting ticcket, it s always nice to visit this beautiful blog :)
By douce51 on Mar 14, 2009 at 8:06 pm
Very interesting article. However, part of your premise is based on COL Dahlgren being an outsider and able to carry out Kilpatrick's plan.
Dahlgren was every bit the opportunist that Custer and the other Cavalry officers were. Three young men promoted very quickly as the Union formed its Cavalry Corps organization for the Army of the Potomac.
Dahlgren was a Captain at Gettysburg and attemtping the daring missions that secured Custer, Merritt and Farnsworth not to mention Kilpatrick's rise.
Dahlgren had his father's coat tails to ride as well. Having a senior admiral as a father also helped in his rise to Colonel from Captain in less than one year.
Dahlgren, had he not been killed, was going to be a Brigade, if not Division Commander in Sheridan's forces by the end of the war.
Dahlgren was an insider.
Added to that, this raid and the killing of Davis was out of charactor for most everything else the Union did with its covert operations.
Now the Confederate covert operations was a different story. The burning of major cities with Greek Fire. The capture of US merchant ships on the high seas. The capture of civilian and military ships on the great lakes and rivers in Union cities. The cladestine operations across the boarder in Canada to attack or subvert the FederalGovernment. The Confederacy had a long pattern of such acts that we would call today terrorist.
The Union, maybe because they never developed covert organizations like the Confederacy did, had no great coordinated effort. Judah Benjamin was the cabinet level Confederate organizer of covert operations – to include the capture of President Lincoln and everything listed above.
If the Dahlgren letter is true, it was developed by Kilpatrick and Dahlgren alone and outside the bounds and generally against the wishes of President Lincoln.
By Don Herko in kansas on Apr 24, 2009 at 9:44 am
This article is well=written and makes a strong case for the involvement of Stanton. However, the author says, "It certainly cannot be imagined that the president countenanced political assassination and black flag warfare against civilians. Lincoln approved the capture of Davis, perhaps as a hostage for the release of Union prisoners, but nothing we know about the man suggests he would have gone beyond that."
The author seems to forget Athens, Alabama, where US Col. Turchin told his men, "I shut my eyes for three hours," thereby granting his soldiers permission to rape, rob, and pillage. Turchin's conviction by courtmartial was overturned by Lincoln's promoting Turchin to Brigadier General.
I see no reason to leave Lincoln out of speculation about the source of Dahlgren's orders.
By Charles Hayes on May 24, 2009 at 10:05 pm
Hayes asserted that "It can be accepted then that the authenticity of the Dahlgren papers is established beyond a doubt." I disagree; many doubts remain for the impartial student of this incident. Hayes fails to acknowledge the weakness of the chain-of-custody evidence for possession of the papers following Dahlgren's death, and the slowness of transferring Dahlgren's notebook to RIchmond. In fact there was ample time, opportunity, and Confederate motive for the alteration of Dahlgren's papers. Indeed, Hayes admits that the writing on the publicized version of Dahlgren's papers was altered, but attributes that to the actions of a lithographer. Evidence that was the only alteration is not compelling. Hayes also dismisses the suspicious signature that uses just the first initial, rather than the full "Ulrich", which appears on no other Dahlgren document, He claims that officers commonly use their initials on "formal official documents" and that this was the only time Dahlgren ever composed such a document. That is simply not true. Hayes also ignores the absence of Kilpatrick's approval endorsement on the publicized version of the Dahlgren letter, which is consistent with it being a forgery. When given the choice between believing the testimony of Admiral John Dahlgren, who had a sterling reputation, or that of Gen. Jubal Early, who was personally responsible for a self-serving disinformation campaign about the Gettysburg campaign, I find Dahlgren, and his son, much more credible than their adversaries. Like any failing administration, the Confederate government routinely issued lies to generate outrage and bolster morale. It is sad to see people still being taken in by Rebel propoganda a century and a half later.
By Michael R. Cunningham,Ph.D. on Mar 4, 2010 at 1:40 am