| 1531 |
|
The Catholics defeat the Protestants at Kappel during Switzerland's second civil war. |
| 1540 |
|
Charles V of Milan puts his son Philip in control. |
| 1727 |
|
George II of England crowned. |
| 1795 |
|
In graditude for putting down a rebellion in the streets of Paris, France's National Convention appoints Napoleon Bonaparte second in command of the Army of the Interior. |
| 1862 |
|
The Confederate Congress in Richmond passes a draft law allowing anyone owning 20 or more slaves to be exempt from military service. This law confirms many southerners opinion that they are in a 'rich man's war and a poor man's fight.' |
| 1877 |
|
Outlaw Wild Bill Longley, who killed at least a dozen men, is hanged, but it took two tries; on the first try, the rope slipped and his knees drug the ground. |
| 1899 |
|
South African Boers, settler from the Netherlands, declare war on Great Britain. |
| 1906 |
|
San Francisco school board orders the segregation of Oriental schoolchildren, inciting Japanese outrage. |
| 1915 |
|
Despite international protests, Edith Cavell, an English nurse in Belgium, is executed by Germans for aiding the escape of Allied prisoners. |
| 1942 |
|
In the Battle of Cape Esperance, near the Solomon Islands, U.S. cruisers and destroyers decisively defeat a Japanese task force in a night surface encounter. |
| 1945 |
|
Negotiations between Nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shek and Communist leader Mao Tse-tung break down. Nationalist and Communist troops are soon engaged in a civil war. |
| 1950 |
|
The Federal Communications Commission authorizes the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) to begin commercial color TV broadcasts. |
| 1962 |
|
Pope John XXIII opens the 21st Ecumenical Council (Vatican II) with a call for Christian unity. This is the largest gathering of the Roman Catholic hierarchy in history; among delegate-observers are representatives of major Protestant denominations, in itself a sign of sweeping change. |
| 1968 |
|
Apollo 7, with three men aboard, is successfully launched from Cape Kennedy. |
| 1972 |
|
A French mission in Vietnam is destroyed by a U.S. bombing raid. |
| 1976 |
|
The so-called "Gang of Four," Chairman Mao Tse-tung's widow and three associates, are arrested in Peking, setting in motion an extended period of turmoil in the Chinese Communist Party. |
| 1991 |
|
Confirmation hearings for Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas begin. |
|
Born on October 11 |
| 1820 |
|
Sir George Williams, founder of the YMCA. |
| 1844 |
|
Henry Heinz, manufacturer, founder of H.J. Heinz Co. |
| 1884 |
|
Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of President Franklin Roosevelt. |
| 1885 |
|
Francois Mauriac, Nobel Prize-winning novelist. |
| 1887 |
|
Willie Hoppe, billiards champion. |
| 1910 |
|
Joseph Alsop, American journalist. |
| 1918 |
|
Jerome Robbins, choreographer, won Oscar for West Side Story. |
| 1919 |
|
Art Blakey, jazz drummer. |
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