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Today in History: July 31


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Today in History
July 31

904   Arabs capture Thessalonica.
1703   English novelist Daniel Defoe is made to stand in the pillory as punishment for offending the government and church with his satire The Shortest Way With Dissenters.
1760   Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, drives the French army back to the Rhine River.
1790   The U.S. Patent Office opens.
1882   Belle and Sam Starr are charged with horse stealing in the Indian territory.
1875   Former president Andrew Johnson dies at the age of 66.
1891   Great Britain declares territories in Southern Africa up to the Congo to be within their sphere of influence.
1904   The Trans-Siberian railroad connecting the Ural mountains with Russia’s Pacific coast, is completed.
1917   The third Battle of Ypres commences as the British attack the German lines.
1932   Adolf Hitler’s Nationalist Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazis) doubles its strength in legislative elections.
1944   The Soviet army takes Kovno, the capital of Lithuania.
1971   Apollo 15 astronauts take a drive on the moon in their land rover.

Born on July 31
1803   John Ericsson, naval engineer and inventor, developed the screw propeller.
1816   George Henry Thomas, Union general during the American Civil War.
1837   William Clarke Quantrill, Confederate raider during the American Civil War.
1867   S.S. Kresge, American businessman.
1901   Jean Dubuffet, French sculptor and painter.
1912   Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-winning economist.
1919   Primo Levi, Italian writer and scientist (Survival in Auschwitz).
1921   Whitney Young, Jr., civil rights leader and executive director of the National Urban League.
1928   Horace Silver, jazz pianist, composer and bandleader.
1951   Evonne Goolagong, Australian tennis player.

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