| 1099 |
|
The Crusaders launch their final assault on Jerusalem. |
| 1534 |
|
Ottoman armies capture Tabriz in northwestern Persia. |
| 1558 |
|
Led by the court of Egmont, the Spanish army defeats the French at Gravelines, France. |
| 1585 |
|
A group of 108 English colonists, led by Sir Richard Grenville, reaches Roanoke Island, North Carolina. |
| 1643 |
|
In England, the Roundheads, led by Sir William Waller, are defeated by Royalist troops under Lord Wilmot in the Battle of Roundway Down. |
| 1754 |
|
George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity to the French, leaving them in control of the Ohio Valley. |
| 1787 |
|
Congress, under the Articles of Confederation, enacts the Northwest Ordinance, establishing rules for governing the Northwest Territory, for admitting new states to the Union and limiting the expansion of slavery. |
| 1798 |
|
English poet William Wordsworth visits the ruins of Tintern Abbey. |
| 1832 |
|
Henry Schoolcraft discovers the source of the Mississippi River in Minnesota. |
| 1862 |
|
Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest defeats a Union army at Murfreesboro, Tennessee. |
| 1863 |
|
Opponents of the draft begin three days of rioting in New York City. |
| 1866 |
|
The Great Eastern begins a two week voyage to complete a 12-year effort to lay telegraph cable across the Atlantic between Britain and the United States. |
| 1878 |
|
The Congress of Berlin divides the Balkans among European powers. |
| 1939 |
|
Frank Sinatra records his first song, "From the Bottom of my Heart," with the Harry James Band. |
| 1941 |
|
Britain and the Soviet Union sign a mutual aid pact, providing the means for Britain to send war materiel to the Soviet Union. |
| 1954 |
|
In Geneva, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, the People’s Republic of China and France reach an accord on Indochina, dividing Vietnam into two countries, North and South, along the 17th parallel. |
| 1971 |
|
The Army of Morrocco executes 10 leaders accused of leading a revolt. |
|
Born on July 13 |
| 1793 |
|
John Clare, English poet. |
| 1886 |
|
Edward J. Flanagan, Catholic priest, founder of Boys’ Town. |
| 1928 |
|
Robert N.C. Nix, Jr., first African-American chief justice of a state supreme court. |
| 1933 |
|
David Storey, English novelist (The Sporting Life). |
| 1934 |
|
Wole Soyinka, Nobel Prize-winning Nigerian playwright. |
| 1935 |
|
Jack Kemp, football player, politician. |
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