| 1635 |
|
The French colony of Guadeloupe is established in the Caribbean. |
| 1675 |
|
Frederick William of Brandenburg crushes the Swedes. |
| 1709 |
|
Russians defeat the Swedes and Cossacks at the Battle of Poltava. |
| 1776 |
|
Colonists repulse a British sea attack on Charleston, South Carolina. |
| 1778 |
|
Mary "Molly Pitcher" Hays McCauley, wife of an American artilleryman, carries water to the soldiers during the Battle of Monmouth. |
| 1839 |
|
Cinque and other Africans are kidnapped and sold into slavery in Cuba. |
| 1862 |
|
Fighting continues between Union and Confederate forces during the Seven Days’ campaign. |
| 1863 |
|
General Meade replaces General Hooker three days before the Battle of Gettysburg. |
| 1874 |
|
The Freedmen’s Bank, created to assist former slaves in the United States, closes. Customers of the bank lose $3 million. |
| 1884 |
|
Congress declares Labor Day a legal holiday. |
| 1902 |
|
Congress passes the Spooner bill, authorizing a canal to be built across the isthmus of Panama. |
| 1911 |
|
Samuel J. Battle becomes the first African-American policeman in New York City. |
| 1914 |
|
Austria’s Archduke Francis Ferdinand is assassinated at Sarajevo, Serbia. |
| 1919 |
|
Germany signs the Treaty of Versailles under protest. |
| 1921 |
|
A coal strike in Britain is settled after three months. |
| 1930 |
|
More than 1,000 communists are routed during an assault on the British consulate in London. |
| 1938 |
|
Congress creates the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) to insure construction loans. |
| 1942 |
|
German troops launch an offensive to seize Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus and the city of Stalingrad. |
| 1945 |
|
General Douglas MacArthur announces the end of Japanese resistance in the Philippines. |
| 1949 |
|
The last U.S. combat troops are called home from Korea, leaving only 500 advisers. |
| 1950 |
|
General Douglas MacArthur arrives in South Korea as Seoul falls to the North. |
| 1954 |
|
French troops begin to pull out of Vietnam’s Tonkin province. |
| 1964 |
|
Malcolm X founds the Organization for Afro-American Unity to seek independence for blacks in the Western Hemisphere. |
| 1967 |
|
14 people are shot during race riots in Buffalo, New York. |
| 1970 |
|
Muhammed Ali [Cassius Clay] stands before the Supreme Court regarding his refusal of induction into the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War. |
| 1971 |
|
The Supreme Court overturns the draft evasion conviction of Muhammad Ali. |
| 1972 |
|
Nixon announces that no new draftees will be sent to Vietnam. |
| 1976 |
|
The first women enter the U.S. Air Force Academy. |
|
Born on June 28 |
| 1491 |
|
Henry VIII, King of England (1509-1547), founder of the Church of England. |
| 1577 |
|
Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter. |
| 1712 |
|
Jean Jacques Rousseau, French social philosopher (The Social Contract). |
| 1867 |
|
Luigi Pirandello, Italian playwright (Six Characters in Search of an Author). |
| 1873 |
|
Alexis Carrel, Nobel Prize-winning French surgeon and biologist. |
| 1891 |
|
Esther Forbes, author (Johnny Tremain). |
| 1902 |
|
Richard Rodgers, American composer. |
| 1906 |
|
Maria Goeppert Mayer, Nobel Prize-winning physicist. |
| 1909 |
|
Eric Ambler, British mystery writer (The Dark Frontier, Uncommon Danger). |
| 1926 |
|
Mel Brooks, comedian, actor, and director (The Producers, Blazing Saddles). |
| 1947 |
|
Mark Helprin, novelist (Winter’s Tale). |
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