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Sand Creek Massacre: The Real Villains

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When Wynkoop’s letter about his September excursions reached headquarters, Major Anthony was ordered to replace Wynkoop and send him to Fort Riley, in Kansas. Curtis condemned Wynkoop’s actions with ‘disapproval and censure,’ and was certain they could only have arisen from either a lack of knowledge ‘requisite to make a good and efficient officer, or an intentional disobedience of orders and almost criminal mismanagement of the affairs of his command.’

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Anthony’s orders stated, ‘Major E. W. Wynkoop has laid himself liable to arrest and dismissal for absence without leave, and the Officer [Soule] who went with him liable for being absent without proper authority.’ All orders from the District of Upper Arkansas should have been followed. Supplies were to be kept under strict control. There was too much laxity at Fort Lyon, but it would be dismissed as ‘more to ignorance than intentional insult,’ at least up to September. Since then it was intolerable when officers and men left their posts’seeking and assisting to make treaties between a hostile force, and parties that had no authority to make peace.’

Wynkoop waited in anticipation of the orders that he was certain would bring instructions for concluding a peace treaty. Instead, the westbound stage brought Major Anthony with orders for Wynkoop’s removal. Anthony set about clearing the Indians away from the fort, while Wynkoop boarded the eastbound stage. One wonders if the major really knew why he had been removed from command. In his March 1865 testimony to the Doolittle Commission and in his autobiography, Wynkoop said that he left Fort Lyon because he received orders to go to Fort Riley to take command of that post. Either he was mentally unbalanced or he was evolving into the biggest liar on the Plains.

After the November fight at Sand Creek, the dead and wounded soldiers had hardly been carted back to Fort Lyon before signs of trouble appeared. Lieutenant Joseph Cramer, a compadre of Ned Wynkoop’s and Silas Soule’s and another of the Sand Creek scoundrels, spoke to 3rd Colorado Captain Theodore Cree. Speaking about Chivington, Cramer said he thought he and his friends ‘could make a massacre out of the Sand Creek and crush him.’ Cree asked Cramer what Chivington had done to make him hate him so much. Cramer answered that he didn’t know of anything specific, but that ‘they had got their play in on Chivington and they were going to play it.’ Angered by Cramer’s irrational attitude, Cree broke off the conversation. Back at Fort Lyon on December 14, Cramer wrote to Wynkoop, ‘For God’s sake, Major, keep Chivington from being a Bri’g Genl.’

More trouble was brewing. Captain Presley Talbot, badly wounded at Sand Creek, was given a room at Fort Lyon next to agent Colley’s office. There, John Smith showed him papers he and Colley had drawn up against the government, claiming they were owed ‘for 105 buffalo robes, two white ponies, and a wagon-load of goods.’ The two of them told him they had other demands, and Smith said they ‘would realize $25,000 out of it, and damn Colonel Chivington.’ The government bill they had, Talbot said, was sworn to by David Louderback of the 1st Colorado, who would go to Washington, D.C., and ‘he had friends who would help him get it.’

Smith boasted to Talbot that the Eastern papers would be filled with letters from Fort Lyon that blamed Chivington for the death of Smith’s half-blood son Jack, who had been killed by a soldier after the battle, and ‘that he would be avenged by using every effort with the department possible.’ Smith complained that it was hard for a father to endure such a loss. Perhaps $25,000 would soften the sorrow.

Private Asbury Bird of Company D, 1st Colorado, became aware of part of the deal while talking to Sam Colley’s son. Dexter Colley told Bird that they had sent $2,000 worth of Indian goods to sell in Denver, and they expected the money to arrive any day. Bird heard John Smith admit that the goods had not cost them anything, for they were government annuities and he would just trade them to the Indians, ‘and if he lost them he would not be out anything.’

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  1. 5 Comments to “Sand Creek Massacre: The Real Villains”

  2. Thanks to Greg Michno for his consistently flawless histories.
    About the Sand Creek Military Hearings in Denver that followed,
    Chivington’s first two requests during his testimony were first
    that Samuel F. Tappan recuse himself from presiding due to
    obvious bias. When Tappan refused, Chivington then asked the
    committee to open the hearings to the press and public. Tappan
    again refused, securing for himself unfettered revenge on
    Chivington for Tappan’s humiliation at Glorieta. (by petition of a
    majority of junior officers of the First Colorado Volunteer Infantry
    after Glorieta, then-Major Chivington was chosen over Lt. Col.
    Tappan to become Colonel in command. Tappan, a former
    newspaper reporter and acquaintance of Gen. Sherman, seemed
    to acquiese and bided his time for revenge. I like to think of
    Tappan the historical charachter as “Press Trash with-a-grudge”)

    By Curt Neeley on Oct 23, 2008 at 11:06 pm

  3. IDK know mudh about it but it seems to me the americans were being pretty unfair!!

    By Anne Barington on Apr 23, 2009 at 4:09 pm

  4. Where did you get your info. saying he was {wynkoop} a vilian is the most stupid thing I have ever heard about sandcreek, also john smith was a trader who’s son was murdered by chivingtons men for being a half breed. I would like to know where you got your info or did you write it down read it, and then used it

    By Brad Long on Aug 16, 2009 at 12:57 am

  5. Much is made of Samuel F. Tappan’s diary. Was the diary ever published. If so, how could one see it?
    Thanks,
    Tom

    By Tom Stohlgren on Aug 23, 2009 at 1:43 pm

  6. re Tom Stohlgren’ question, Sam Tappan’s writings are said to be available through Kansas State Historical Society. Also, look up Kevin Cahill or KClonewolf on the internet. I think he has posted an extensive Sand Creek bibliography.

    As for Michno’s credibility, he is the most thorough about his sourcing of any I’ve read and has an encyclopedic memory that has helped him connect many Sand Creek dots. Also, I like Irving Howbert’s first-hand description of the Sand Creek fight in his MEMORIES OF A LIFETIME IN THE PIKES PEAK REGION, available at history.oldcolo.com book store. And a recently discovered description by John Coplen adds to Howbert’s version.

    However, the Massacre version will probably always prevail because too many careers and paychecks depend on it, plus it’s probably the most popular Fairy Tale ever concocted. I’d think the Cheyenne activists would eventually be embarassed by the hype.

    Also, Michno’s BATTLE AT SAND CREEK, The Military Perspective is an excellent read on the subject, as well as his ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE INDIAN WARS and his and Susan’s
    A FATE WORSE THAN DEATH about women and childrens miseries while captive of the Plains tribes during that era.

    By Curt Neeley on Aug 27, 2009 at 12:31 am

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