How did you arrive at your conclusions about the battle?
I went to great lengths to procure every primary account of the battle available and read each one over and over. That sounds somewhat simplistic, but it's the only way I know how to do it right. I think that after a good amount of this, in conjunction with common sense and a knowledge of the known facts and weighing accounts against each other, you begin to get a feel for what really happened and for which accounts or parts of accounts are true. (And, of course, you've got to avoid selective use of facts and accounts, which is a major problem with so many writers who have an agenda or a preconceived idea of what happened; they ignore the facts that don't support their version. You've got to be on guard against that.) It's not an infallible method, of course, and there are things that will never be known with a high degree of certainty—such as Custer's manner of death. But I think you can reasonably infer what most likely happened. Having said that, other researchers might take the same materials and come to different conclusions. That's what makes this battle so much fun to discuss—there are enough unknowns to allow endless speculation.
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What happened on "the Hill" after Major Marcus Reno's retreat?
The remnants of the 7th Cavalry's remaining seven companies retreated to a saucerlike swale on the bluffs above the Little Bighorn, four miles south of Custer Hill. The position wasn't a perfect one for defense, since there were slightly higher points around them, a few hundred yards away. They were besieged for the rest of that day and most of the next, with virtually no water and dwindling supplies and ammunition. They were surrounded by hundreds of warriors and almost constantly under fire and incurred quite a few casualties. Another day or two and all might have been lost….There were some exceptional feats of heroism. Fortunately, the Indians decamped and marched south into the Little Bighorn Mountains when another Army column approached.
Why cover the Reno Court of Inquiry so extensively?
From the start, I wanted to give that event the full treatment I think it deserves, because it's an interesting part of the story and one that few people know about. The Reno Court of Inquiry was held in Chicago in January and February 1879, two and a half years after the battle. Almost every surviving officer who participated in the battle, a couple of sergeants and a few of the civilians involved—a doctor, a few scouts—gave testimony over a month's time. What began as a request by Reno to clear his name quickly became an investigation into the entire battle and who was at fault. The result was a fascinating piece of courtroom drama. The Army and the regiment closed ranks, and the truth was very hard to come by—not so much due to out-and-out lying, although there was some of that, but more a refusal to criticize Reno or the regiment or the Army. Reno was found innocent of any wrongdoing, and the classic line from one of the officers of the court was, "The officers wouldn't tell us anything, and we could do nothing more than damn Reno with faint praise."
The full proceedings had never been dramatized, though the complete transcript of the inquiry has been published. But you need more than that to make an event come alive dramatically on the page, and I worried that I wouldn't be able to find enough details to do so. But the reportage of only two of the half-dozen newspapers that covered the inquiry had ever been published, and when I found out that the Chicago Public Library had the other four Chicago newspapers on microfilm, I borrowed those reels and read almost every word of all four papers in that monthlong run. Fortunately, I found enough details to flesh out the story without resorting to invention.
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11 Comments to “Interview with George Custer Expert James Donovan”
As for the new Alamo book, there are PLENTY of realiable, military, Mexican side accounts, all written down shortly after the battle, in pen. However, one has to do their research, however, they(the mss) are practically under our noses! These accounts are backed up by Mexican army charts, and official dispatches, papers, and Mexican field reports. No tepee here. Also, I hope that Mr. Donovan does not compare the Alamo and Thermopylae as if they are the same in spirit and purpose. Many people wrongfully do this erroneous comparison, however, they are as different as night and day. For instance, the ancient Greeks were really defending their home ground from an invader, however, the so-called, Anglo-Texans were in the process of STEALING land! See the difference, folks? I know you do.
By Roger Borroel on Apr 8, 2009 at 4:32 pm
Arrogance in abundance. Humility non-existent.
By tjaldie23@peoplepc.com on Apr 9, 2009 at 12:18 am
I'm a big fan of the West. It seems that Mr. Donovan has done is
homework and you must respect that. I agree with Mr. Borroel about the Alamo and Thermopylae.
By Bill Stalzer on Apr 22, 2009 at 11:56 am
Nice article. Haven't read the book yet, but I agree with one statement he made that kind of makes me want to read it. All too often historians have a specific point they wish to make, and even if unintentionally, tend to search for items that support that particular point, sometimes to the exclusion of other facts that may muddy the waters a bit.
This is why I don't think I would read a book by Mr. Borroel. His comment above tends to make one think that he has already reached such a conclusion, and his book would probably support it. I much prefer to get all the facts from all sides, then determine for myself these things. So I will probably get Mr. Donavan's book.
By Dale Decker on Apr 28, 2009 at 12:12 am
I am a 30 year Custer "buff" and have read dozens of books on the battle, been to the battlefield every year, re-enacted the battle, etc., and I truly believe "A Terrible Glory" is the best book on the subject in many years, maybe the best of all with the possible exception of William Graham's "The Custer Myth". He has done an excellent job of synthesizing all the available information, the new with the old, and in a very readable fashion. I think it will be the new "gold standard" among Custer scholars.
By Jon Heitland on May 12, 2009 at 4:03 pm
Like the life of Sinatra, the full scope of Custer and his accension into the american consciousness will probably prove too big for Hollywood, and too politically incorrect to even attempt to objectify in the wake of the red mans plight in our nation. I would pay to see the definitive portrayal of Custer in an Olver Stone film however, if for no other reason than to just piss off the status quo. I think that alone would have pleased Custer.
By Peter Thompson on May 24, 2009 at 10:15 pm
I have yet to read the book, however, many accounts of the resulting battle tend to not include contributing factors.Custer's hatred of Ulysses S. Grant and his preoccupation with becoming the next President of the USA resulted in his haste, leaving gattling guns behind as not to slow the 7th Cavary down so he could travel to Washington to declare his candidacy. Disentary, among the troops. Being undergunned, single-shot breechloaders vs. the indians Winchesters. The troops carrying 4-months backpay having been paid just before the campaign.
By Myles Keough on May 25, 2009 at 1:27 pm
I have just finished Mr. Donovan's superb book and want to tell him what a great work of history he produced. I too, like many others have read many of the more recommended books on the subject of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, and Mr. Donovan's book is by far the most readable, complete, and entertaining. Truly a modern classic of history. Well done sir! Thanks for confirming my conclusions as to Custer's greatest mistakes. I agree that his mistakes were violating the principle of mass and lack of any reconnaissance of the actual objective area. His narrative just feels so complete as to allow the reader to truly reach finality on the subject.
By LaMar Stellfox on Jun 8, 2009 at 12:28 am
I would like to know what clothing, equipment the 7th Cavalry wore at Little Big Horn. We are trying to do an authentic copy of the troopers gear. Thanks, Richard
By Richard Jesse on Jul 9, 2009 at 12:26 am
I have not read Mr Donovan's book so I don't know what conclusions he arrives at regarding how the battle onfolded. But of the Custer books and narratives I have read the one I found the most compelling (as far as how the battle itself unfolded) was Sole Survivor by Douglas W. Ellison. I'm not talking about the sole survivor (Frank Finkel) that he presents in this book, but rather the troop movements (Custer's)and most probable strategies employed. I think archaeological evidence that was later found in the scientific investigation after the grass fire on the battlefield bears his theory out.
By NorPlains on Nov 18, 2009 at 3:34 am
i have not read mr donovans book but have read all most every book writen about the custer battle the old writers and the new writers a book that every one should read is jack pennigtons book a comprehensive study the battle of the little bighorn then come back and talk to me i,d love to hear from you i,v stayed at the crows nest on 3 differate times been over the battle field many times since 1961 email me at redwall@centurytel.net
By don clifton on Feb 26, 2010 at 3:33 pm